Debian Package structure

Debian Package structure 

As you can see, the ar archive of a Debian package is comprised of three files:

debian-binary

This is a text file which simply indicates the version of the .deb file package format version. In Debian Bullseye it is still version 2.0.

control.tar.xz

This archive file contains all of the available meta-information, like the name and version of the package as well as some scripts to run before, during or after (un-)installation of it. Some of the meta-information allows package management tools to determine if it is possible to install or uninstall it, for example according to the list of packages already on the machine, and if files shipped have been modified locally.

data.tar.xz, data.tar.bz2, data.tar.gz

This archive contains all of the files to be extracted from the package; this is where the executable files, libraries, documentation, etc., are all stored. Packages may use different compression formats, in which case the file will be named differently for xz, bzip2 or gzip.

https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/packaging-system.html